Résumé :
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Introduction: Idiopathic orbital myositis is a rare entity, considered a sub-group of the orbit's Inflammatory pseudotumori. Cases report: Case 1: A 44 years old woman admitted for bilateral orbital pain, associated periorbital oedema and diplopia. The physical examination was normal. Laboratory assessment including creatine kinase rate and thyroid function were normal. The orbital scan underlined a bilateral fusiform enlargement of the internal and external abducens. Steroids 1 mg / kg / day was administred with a very satisfactory outcome (18 months back up). Case 2: A 28 years old woman showed left orbital pain, with diplopia, exophtalmos and left ptosis. The physical examination was unremarkable. Laboratory assessment found positive antibodies antiphospholipid. The orbital scan underlined left internal abducens's hypertrophy. Corticosteroids 1 mg / kg / day was administered with a first favorable response, but the evolution was marked by a corticosteroid addiction and several relapses. The patient received monthly corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide pulse.Discussion: Orbital myositis is a rare affection, with about 150 published cases. Orbital pain is the main clinical sign. In 90 to 95% of the cases it is unilateral. Bilateral forms are exceptional and must urge to look for other etiologies, especially thyroid ophthalmopathy. The association with autoimmune diseases should be sought. Conclusion: The treatment protocol in orbital myositis is not well codified, but the steroid is recommended as first line. Recurrences are frequent, up to 50% of the cases.
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